Mathematics

The families of numbers from natural to real, how different cultures built the number ideas you use every day, and how powers, exponent laws and scientific notation handle very large and very small numbers.

Integers and fractions with signs, reading imperial measurements, the four operations with positive and negative fractions, and the ratios, rates, proportions and percentages behind prices, maps and taxes.

Write expressions from patterns and words, simplify and compare them, solve linear equations step by step, and rearrange formulas you use in real life.

Use Python to store values in variables, evaluate formulas, build tables of values and patterns with loops, and test inequalities with conditionals, then read code and change it to model new situations.

Tell linear and non-linear relations apart, describe a linear relation by its rate of change and initial value, write y = mx + b from a graph, table or story, compare two relations, and graph special lines, regions and transformed lines.

How data is collected, stored and used in society and what can go wrong, how to summarize one-variable data with centre, spread and box plots, how to read relationships in two-variable data, and how to build and test a mathematical model.

Use angle, triangle and circle relationships to analyse designs, convert between metric and imperial units, apply the Pythagorean theorem, predict how scaling changes area and volume, and find the volume of prisms, pyramids, cylinders and cones.

Inflation and the Consumer Price Index, needs and wants, appreciation and depreciation, simple and compound interest and the true cost of borrowing, and building a budget that still works when your income or rent changes.