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Unit 4 · 8 lessons

Canada, 1945–1982

The postwar boom and the baby boom, Canada's place in the Cold War, the building of the social safety net, Quebec's Quiet Revolution and the October Crisis, First Nations, Métis and Inuit struggles for rights, the women's movement and Black Canadians' fight against anti-Black racism, immigration and multiculturalism, and the road to a new flag, a new national identity and the Charter in 1982.

  • 69 practice questions
  • 70 flashcards
  • 3 interactive lessons
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Lessons

  1. 1The Postwar Boom: Baby Boom, Suburbs, Economy and TechnologyWhy Canada boomed after 1945 instead of sliding back into depression, how the baby boom and the suburbs changed family life, which megaprojects and new technologies (the Seaway, the Trans-Canada Highway, television, CANDU reactors, Alouette, the Avro Arrow, the Canadarm) reshaped the country, and why the benefits and costs of growth were shared so unequally, especially for First Nations, Métis and Inuit communities.9 questions
  2. 2Canada in the Cold War: Gouzenko, NATO, NORAD, Korea and PeacekeepingHow the Gouzenko Affair pulled Canada into the Cold War, why Canada joined NATO, fought in Korea and tied its air defence to the United States through NORAD and the DEW Line, how Lester Pearson's Suez plan made peacekeeping part of Canadian identity, and how the Avro Arrow, the Cuban Missile Crisis and nuclear weapons tested Canada's independence.9 questions
  3. 3Building the Social Safety Net: Family Allowance, Pensions and MedicareHow the memory of the Depression and the pressure of new parties led Canada to build a social safety net between 1945 and 1971, what each program (Family Allowance, Old Age Security, hospital insurance, the Canada and Quebec Pension Plans, medicare and expanded unemployment insurance) did, and how these programs changed the lives of families, seniors, women, workers and First Nations, Métis and Inuit people, along with the debates they caused.8 questions
  4. 4Quebec: Duplessis, the Quiet Revolution, the October Crisis and the 1980 ReferendumHow Quebec moved from the conservative Duplessis era to the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s, why a modern Québécois nationalism grew and split into peaceful and violent paths, what happened in the October Crisis of 1970 and why the War Measures Act is still debated, and how the Parti Québécois, Bill 101 and the 1980 referendum shaped identities in Quebec and in Canada.Interactive8 questions
  5. 5First Nations, Métis and Inuit Rights, 1945–1982How federal policy toward First Nations, Métis and Inuit changed and did not change between 1945 and 1982: the 1951 Indian Act revisions, the federal vote, the High Arctic relocation and the sled-dog killings, residential schools and the Sixties Scoop, and how Indigenous organizations defeated the 1969 White Paper, won recognition of Aboriginal title in Calder, negotiated the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement and secured section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982.Interactive9 questions
  6. 6Equality Movements: Women's Rights and Black Canadians' Resistance to Anti-Black RacismHow women's lives changed and stayed the same between 1945 and 1982, from the postwar push back home to the Royal Commission on the Status of Women and the fight for equality in the Charter, and how Black Canadians such as Viola Desmond, the sleeping car porters, the people of Africville, Lincoln Alexander and Rosemary Brown resisted anti-Black racism, won new human rights laws and political firsts, and what remained unchanged.9 questions
  7. 7Immigration, Refugees and Multiculturalism, 1945–1982How Canadian immigration policy moved from openly favouring white Europeans to the non-racial points system of 1967, which groups of displaced persons and refugees Canada accepted (and on what terms), why Canada adopted a policy of multiculturalism in 1971, and how the Immigration Act of 1976 and the Southeast Asian refugee movement of 1979–80 reshaped Canada's population, cities and identity.8 questions
  8. 8Identity and Independence: the Flag, Expo 67, Culture, the United States and the CharterHow Canadians built a distinct identity between 1945 and 1982 through the Massey Commission and cultural policy, the Maple Leaf flag, the Centennial and Expo 67, artists such as Kenojuak Ashevak and Norval Morrisseau, and events like the Summit Series; how Canada tried to manage its close relationship with the United States; and how the constitution was patriated with the Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982, without Quebec's agreement.Interactive9 questions