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Unit 5 · 8 lessons

Canada, 1982 to the Present

The Charter of Rights and Freedoms in action, Quebec and the national unity crises, First Nations, Métis and Inuit struggles and the path toward reconciliation, free trade, globalization and regionalism, Canada's role in the world, Black communities' fight against systemic racism, public apologies and commemoration, and Canada's changing relationship with the United States.

  • 68 practice questions
  • 68 flashcards
  • 4 interactive lessons
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Lessons

  1. 1The Charter of Rights and Freedoms in ActionWhat the Charter of Rights and Freedoms protects, how section 1 lets governments set reasonable limits, how landmark Supreme Court cases such as Singh, Oakes, Morgentaler, Andrews, Sparrow, Vriend and Carter changed Canadian law, and why the notwithstanding clause (section 33) has become a source of debate again since 2018.9 questions
  2. 2Quebec and National Unity: Meech Lake to the Clarity ActWhy Quebec's refusal to accept the Constitution Act, 1982 led to the Meech Lake and Charlottetown accords, why both failed, how the Bloc Québécois and the Reform Party reshaped federal politics, how close Quebec came to voting for sovereignty on October 30, 1995, and how the Secession Reference and the Clarity Act set out rules for any future referendum.Interactive9 questions
  3. 3First Nations, Métis and Inuit Since 1982: From Oka to UNDRIPHow First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples pressed their rights after 1982: the 1990 standoff at Kanehsatà:ke (Oka), the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, court victories on title and rights, Nunavut and modern treaties, the residential school apology and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Idle No More, the MMIWG Inquiry, the child welfare rulings and the UNDRIP Act, and why reconciliation remains unfinished.Interactive9 questions
  4. 4Economy and Regionalism: Free Trade, Globalization and Western AlienationHow free trade with the United States and Mexico (the FTA, NAFTA and CUSMA) reshaped Canada's economy, how globalization, new technology and recessions moved jobs from factories to services and the tech sector, and why regional tensions over oil, fish and federal policy, from the National Energy Program to pipelines and equalization, keep resurfacing.9 questions
  5. 5Canada in the World: Peacekeeping, Conflicts and Alliances Since 1982How Canada responded to international conflict after the Cold War: the Gulf War, peacekeeping in the former Yugoslavia, the failures in Somalia and Rwanda, Kosovo, the long mission in Afghanistan, the decision not to join the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Libya, the fight against ISIS and support for Ukraine, plus humanitarian work and diplomacy, and the factors that shaped each choice.8 questions
  6. 6Black Communities in Canada Since 1982: Systemic Racism, Activism and RecognitionHow Black communities in Canada confronted systemic anti-Black racism after 1982, from the 1992 Yonge Street uprising and the Stephen Lewis report to carding, streaming and the 2020 Black Lives Matter protests, and how activism won new forms of recognition, such as Black History Month, Viola Desmond on the ten-dollar note and Emancipation Day, with lasting effects on identity, citizenship and heritage.8 questions
  7. 7Acknowledging the Past: Apologies, Redress and CommemorationWhy Canadian governments have apologized and offered redress for past injustices, from Japanese Canadian internment, the Chinese head tax and residential schools to the Komagata Maru, the LGBT Purge and the MS St. Louis, how Canada commemorates international tragedies such as the Holocaust, the Holodomor and the Armenian genocide, and how to assess whether an acknowledgement is significant.Interactive8 questions
  8. 8Canada–US Relations and Canadian Identity TodayHow Canada's relationship with the United States has shaped Canadian identity since 1982, from free trade, acid rain and softwood lumber to 9/11 and Gander, border security, Iraq and Afghanistan, and the trade conflict and "51st state" remarks of 2025–2026, plus how multiculturalism, the arts and new technology have changed what it means to be Canadian.Interactive8 questions