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Lesson 4 of 6Designing and Refining an Idea
Unit 2 · Lesson 4 of 6

Impacts and Stakeholders

Every venture has social, economic, environmental and ethical impacts on its stakeholders, so you list who is affected, how they see it, and how to increase the good and reduce the harm.

3 min read1 quick check7 practice questionsAsk AI about this →

Key things to remember

  1. 1An impact is an effect your business has on people or the world, positive or negative.
  2. 2Four kinds: social (people), economic (money and jobs), environmental (nature and waste), ethical (fairness and honesty).
  3. 3A stakeholder is anyone who affects or is affected by the business: customers, family, school, suppliers, community, environment.
  4. 4Stakeholders have different perspectives, and their wants can clash (low price vs profit).
  5. 5An impact table lists positive effects, negative effects and an action to improve each impact.

Even a tiny sticker shop changes things around it. It earns money, uses materials, and affects the people who buy, make and sell the stickers. An impact is an effect your business has on people or the world. Some impacts are positive and some are negative. Thinking about impacts early helps you build a business people trust, and it often gives you better ideas.

Four kinds of impact

  • Social impact: how the business affects people's lives, health, feelings and communities. Example: students feel proud showing school-team designs.
  • Economic impact: how the business affects money and jobs. Example: Priya and Sam earn money, and they pay a local print shop.
  • Environmental impact: how the business affects nature, such as waste, energy and materials. Example: vinyl stickers are plastic, and packaging creates waste.
  • Ethical impact: whether the business acts fairly and honestly. Example: only selling original designs, not copying someone else's art or a famous character.
Measure success three waysPeoplePlanetProfitsustainablebusinessCSR: a businesstakes responsibilityfor its effects onall threePeoplesocialFair wages and a safeworkplaceVolunteer in the communityAccessible products andspacesTreat customers honestlyPlanetenvironmentalCut packaging and wasteUse less energy, orrenewable energyRecycle and reusematerialsBuy local to cut shippingProfiteconomicCharge fair pricesKeep honest records andpay taxesReinvest to growPlan for the long term
Fig 1People, planet and profit: a sustainable business looks after all three.
Copying art is an ethical and legal problem
Cartoon characters, sports logos and band logos belong to their owners. Printing them on stickers to sell without permission breaks copyright and trademark rules. Original art avoids the problem.

Who are the stakeholders?

A stakeholder is anyone who affects or is affected by a business. Each stakeholder has a perspective: what they care about and want from the business. Their wants sometimes clash. Customers want low prices, but the owners need a profit. Thinking from each point of view helps you find a fair balance.

TheventureOwners / investorsprofit and a return ontheir moneyEmployeesfair pay, safe work andrespectCustomersquality, fair prices,good serviceSupplierssteady orders, paid ontimeCommunitylocal jobs and a goodneighbourGovernmenttaxes paid and lawsfollowedEnvironmentless waste, energy andpollutioninternalexternal
Fig 2A stakeholder map puts the venture in the centre with everyone it affects around it.
StakeholderWhat they care aboutHow Stick With It affects them
Customers (students)Fair price, stickers that last, cool designsEasy-to-spot bottles; $3.00 per sticker
FamilySafety, homework time, not losing moneyTime spent on the business; money saved for start-up
SchoolRules, safety, school spiritSelling at club fairs; school-colour designs
Supplier (local print shop)Steady orders, paid on timeNew regular customer
CommunityLocal businesses, less litterMoney spent locally; fewer lost bottles in the garbage
EnvironmentLess plastic and wasteVinyl and packaging waste; more reusable bottles in use
Stakeholders of Stick With It and their perspectives.
VideoWatch for the difference between internal and external stakeholders, then list who would be affected by your own venture idea.Watch on YouTube

Building an impact table

An impact table lists each kind of impact, the good and bad effects, and an action to improve it. The goal is not to have zero negative impacts. Almost every business has some. The goal is to notice them and make a plan to reduce them.

Impact typePositiveNegativeAction to improve
SocialFewer lost bottles; students show their styleSome designs may not suit everyoneOffer high-contrast and multilingual name stickers
EconomicOwners earn money; local print shop gets ordersOwners could lose their $65 start-up moneyMake a budget before ordering a big batch
EnvironmentalEncourages reusable bottles instead of single-use plasticVinyl is plastic; plastic sleeves become wasteSwitch to paper sleeves; order only what will sell
EthicalOriginal student art, credited to the artistRisk of copying famous charactersSell original designs only; pay and credit artists
Impact table for Stick With It.
Quick checkTry it before you read on
1
Stick With It switches from plastic sleeves to paper sleeves. Which kind of impact does this mainly improve?

Worked examples

Reveal one step at a time and try to beat it to the next line.

Example 1
Classify each effect of Stick With It as social, economic, environmental or ethical: (a) the print shop gets new orders, (b) a student feels included by a name sticker in her first language, (c) leftover stickers end up in the garbage, (d) the shop credits the student artist on the package.
Example 2
Customers want stickers for $1.00, but each sticker costs Stick With It $1.00 to make. Explain the clash between stakeholders and find a fair balance.
Example 3
Fill in the environmental row of an impact table for Stick With It.

Where marks get lost

  • Only thinking about economic impact (profit) and forgetting social, environmental and ethical impacts.
  • Mixing up social and ethical: social is about people's lives and feelings; ethical is about acting fairly and honestly.
  • Forgetting quiet stakeholders like family, the school and the environment.
  • Thinking a business must have zero negative impacts. The goal is to notice them and reduce them.
  • Copying a famous character or logo onto products because 'everyone does it'.

Flashcards 7

Impact
Social impact
Economic impact
Environmental impact
+ 3 more

Practice

1
Match each impact type to an example from Stick With It.
Social
Economic
Environmental
Ethical
2
Which of these is a stakeholder of Stick With It?
3
Selling stickers with a famous cartoon character, without permission, is mainly a problem of which impact?
4
What word means anyone who affects or is affected by a business?
5
Customers want the lowest price. The owners need a profit. What is this an example of?
6
Which action best reduces a negative environmental impact of Stick With It?
7
Put the steps for building an impact table in order.
  1. 1Think about each stakeholder's perspective
  2. 2Write an action to improve each impact
  3. 3Write positive and negative effects for each impact type
  4. 4List your stakeholders

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